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Although this is one of the smallest bone in the body, it was once making you eat!

One of the most complex mechanisms of hearing is the fact that there are three tiny bones inside your ear which amplify the sound coming to the ear and generate a signal which is then send to the brain for perception!

If these were not available then you do have hearing loss which is really severe. Of course there are some surgeries whose only aim is to either correct the issues of the bone or even the drum to which the bones are attached!

It is almost magical to see how a surgery on this small bone gets the hearing back!

But (now that was seen a mile away!); did you know that this amplification is actually only a recent or latest modification!?

Apparently over the course of the evolution of mammals, one bone from the lower and one from the upper jaw (the articular and quadrate bones) lost their purpose in the jaw joint and migrated to the middle ear.

The shortened columella connected to these bones within the middle ear to form a chain of three bones, the ossicles, which serve to effectively transmit air-based vibrations and facilitate more acute hearing!

In simple terms, the bones which help you in hearing now were in the past used for biting!

Now is that why listening to some words, your actual jaws start to grind! Possible!

Then again by evolution it has been understood that you must eat less and listen more!

Also see more! Then you will realise that the funny guy from Arya is the serious dude of Pushpa! Indukuri Sunil Varma or Sunil!

Shubh ratri!

Necessity is the mother of many inventions is so true for this one! Although named as a safety device, it has been a bane for Surgeons all over the world who have removed it from lungs, throat and stomach!

When in need though it is so useful!

A simple cost effective device which every mother used to have hanging from her chain! Or in her purse!

Button is broken!? or you want to clip something together albeit temporarily!? You can use this!

To think that this was invented only to settle a small debt and though it went on to earn millions, the inventor was happy with some!

The design is so perfect that it has not undergone much modification for more than two hundred years!

This when even the mobile phone you bought yesterday is already outdated today!

This device is the humble but useful SAFETY PIN!

It also comes with an interesting story!

Born on July 29, 1796, in Martinsburg, New York, Walter Hunt achieved moderate success in life and invented many items, including a repeating rifle, a flax spinner, a fountain pen, a knife sharpener, an ice plough and one of the world’s first sewing machines with an eye-pointed needle!

But he is best known as the official inventor of Safety pin! Official since he filed the patent and since similar device was used before by jewelers! 

Hunt came up with the idea when he owed someone a $15 debt, and he scrambled to invent something that would earn him some money!

He twisted a piece of metal wire and turned it into what he called a “dress pin,” which had a spring at one end that forced the other end into a clasp. Now as mentioned above Hunt’s invention wasn’t completely new, as ancient Romans used something similar for jewelry; his was though a big improvement!

After being issued U.S. patent #6,281 on April 10, 1849, Hunt sold the patent to W.R. Grace and Company for $400 (roughly $15,000 in 2024 dollars! Which is still a good amount!). 

Using that money, Hunt then paid the $15 owed to a friend and kept the remaining amount of $385 for himself. 

In the years to follow, W.R. Grace and Company would make millions of dollars in profits from his invention!

His safety pin remains one of the simplest yet most enduring inventions in everyday use.

Of course if used properly it was a safe device but still when open it was a dangerous one! 

The laryngologist Dr. Chevalier Jackson devised special instruments for removing swallowed safety pins. Because small children often swallowed them and open pins could be lodged dangerously in their throats, Jackson called them “danger pins” and sometimes displayed arrangements of those he had extracted! Every otolaryngologist including the writer of this blog has a safety pin story! Of course it is scary only if the pin is open! We have often tried to either close the pin or turn it upside down so that the removal is less traumatic.

Still, to stand the test of time and come shining is a testimonial to Safety pin!

Just use them safely like water or jal!

Which reminds me of ganga jal!

Which reminds me of Prakash Jha!

In the novel technology of the Gods by David Hatcher Childress; he tells (tells because it is an audiobook!) about this amazing structure in India which is one of the biggest astrobleme in the world! And it may be related to the K-Pg extinction event!

Yes; you questioning is right!?

What is an astrobleme? also what is K-Pg extinction!?

Well the former is an eroded remnant of a large crater made by the impact of a meteorite or comet!

We will come to the latter later!

The astrobleme or crater in question is called the Shiva Crater!

The Shiva Crater is thus an impact crater (astrobleme), located in the Indian Ocean west of India, near Mumbai.

It has been suggested that it formed around 65 million years ago, the same time as a number of other impacts that are recorded in the K-T boundary. Although it has shifted since its formation because of sea floor spreading, when pieced together it would be about 600 km by 450 km across and 12 km deep (and may be just part of a larger crater). It is estimated to have been made by a bolide (an asteroid or meteoroid) 40 km in diameter.

Unlike typical known extraterrestrial impact structures, Shiva is teardrop shaped, roughly 600 km × 400 km. It is also unusually rectangular.

The Deccan Traps are closely associated with the crater, lending support to the idea that the traps were created by an impact event. At the time of the K-T extinction, India was located over the Réunion hotspot of the Indian ocean.

Hot material rising from the mantle flooded portions of India with a vast amount of lava, the Deccan Traps, beginning a few million years before the K-T extinction and becoming very abundant about 65 million years ago. The vast magma plume finally breaking out at the surface could have been accelerated by an impact event is the hypothesis!

So then what is the K-Pg extinction event!?

Well if you had seen the ending of the Ice Age movies you would know! For those who have not then we can wait for you!

Anyway the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the K–T extinction, was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth approximately 66 million years ago!

The event caused the extinction of all known non-avian dinosaurs. Most other tetrapods weighing more than 25 kg (55 lb) also became extinct, with the exception of some ectothermic species such as sea turtles and crocodilians!

So the crater, the crocodiles and the sea turtles are all testimonials to the massive destruction which happened but they still lived to tell us the tale!

The Shiva crater was named by the paleontologist Sankar Chatterjee for Shiva, the Sanatana god of destruction!

Destruction leads to regeneration and that’s life…

Celebrating the Bholenath on this auspicious day!

Har har Mahadev!

Om namah shivaya!

Shubh Ratri!

This was named after poison! The two most popular things named after it can bring both the biological and physical world to a halt!

Both of them are so common and usually harmless! But when a dangerous one surfaces then rest assured, the whole world gets to know!

One is naturally seen while the other is created unnaturally by a sick individual (at least in the mind!)

Before further ado; the name which means Poison in latin is VIRUS!

The history of computer virus pretty interesting and deserves another blog! The biological one is also not far behind as it stopped the whole world during COVID!

Then again, before you get to know about its history, you must know about the Tobacco plant chiefly for educational purposes!

The tobacco plant was brought to Europe from the New World during the early sixteenth century, and by the middle of the nineteenth century, it was a major Dutch crop.

In 1879, Adolph Mayer, director of the Agricultural Experiment Station in Wageningen, Holland, undertook studies on the diseases of tobacco. He showed that a leaf-mottling disease could be transmitted by rubbing juice from diseased plants onto the leaves of healthy plants. He coined the name ‘tobacco mosaic disease’ and suggested that the etiology was bacterial, although no such agent could be cultured.

Later on Dmitry Ivanovsky, a Russian microbiologist between 1887 and 1890, investigated the mosaic disease of tobacco plants occurring in Eastern Europe. He found that the disease-causing factor passed through a porcelain filter that had pores fine enough to hold back bacteria. He thus demonstrated that the cause of tobacco disease was due to a ‘filterable virus’ – the term virus coming from the Latin meaning poison. This term is now considered obsolete and is abbreviated to simply ‘virus’.

Ivanovsky’s work was confirmed in 1895 by the Dutch botanist Willem Beijerinck, who in addition showed that the disease produced by the filtered sap could be transferred serially plant-to-plant, proving that the agent was living and self-replicating rather than being simply a chemical toxin.

Finally in the 1930s, Wendell Stanley was able to produce the tobacco mosaic virus in solid crystalline form. He was the first person to be able to crystalize a virus. In this way, he was able to show that viruses are a type of particle and not a liquid contagion, which many had previously thought.

Wendell Stanley was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946!

So the thing which is as old as the first Cold to strike the Homo Sapien was finally seen in 1930s! Also it is such a tiny thing that we cannot see even with routine microscope! Sometimes size does not matter! What matters is the capability! Which reminds me of actor Dhanush! Some of his movies can be watched only because of him!

Now wash hands and take warm water and cover yourself nicely so that you do not get a cold and Sleep!

Shubh ratri…

Recently while having my hair trimmed at the Saloon I had a new barber tending to me. Every saloon I usually have my regular barber since I like to keep my hair short! The visit is usually every two months or so!

While talking to me he mentioned how my hair is a little bent at the ends and suggested that I do not wash it everyday!

He also mentioned how I must apply Mustard oil and leave it!

Now; most of the times I never tell anyone my profession so that I do not have to get free questions or even advice so I just nodded along!

But his confidence was so good so I thought I could give it a try!

Of course any oil on my head and I usually end up with either a bad cold or a severe case of Migraine!

And my migraine attacks are so severe that many times I need an injection! They are rare like a special occasion but when they do come, you would remember them for some time!

So I was thinking since I have not tried Mustard oil and have actually tried all other oils, maybe by trial and error, it may not give me any reaction!
He also mentioned how I should not shampoo my hair everyday! He categorically stated that Shampoo is only for women since they have longer hair!

My nodding along continued till the end of the cut! I must say he did a pretty good job since I was looking more ‘trim’!

Mentally I was thinking to at least try his advice and see!

Then as I took my wallet to pay him his fees and some tip; I had a look first time at his face and more importantly his head!

I was shocked to see his amazing clean temple with some hair on the sides! He had a partially balding head with some bent hairs trying to grip the sides and hold on! He had pulled the hair on the sides to try and cover the spot at least as much as he could!

Now him being bald or almost there was not the issue! The issue was him giving me advice on how to take care of my hair when his own head was a testimonial to the fact that his own hair strands were leaving him and more than half had already long gone!

The moral of the story is; give advice on making money only when you are rich!
Giving advice is something which anyone can give! But remember that if you want it to be respected or followed then you have to show the result of the advice in your own life!

My advice is to listen to a good song! Like the song up! Then you will realise that it’s inspired by a Hindi song by Talat Mahmood called Itna sa muzse…

Shubh ratri!

Have you heard of Durga!? Of course you would have heard of Durga Mata but this is Durga or Kanupriya Agarwal!

Search about her and no, she is not related to Kajal Agarwal!

Then you search about Subhash Mukhopadhyay!

And finally you can search about T C Anand Kumar!

Before all that you must know about the first IVF baby in the world!

The only non interesting thing (for others that is!) in all this is that it was done in the year of my birth! 1978!

So let’s start with Steptoe and Edwards!

In the year 1978 the final result of their efforts yielded result of a collaboration started in 1968.

So finally in 1977, Steptoe and Edwards successfully carried out a pioneering conception which resulted in the birth of the world’s first baby to be conceived by IVF, Louise Brown, on 25 July 1978 in Oldham General Hospital, Greater Manchester, UK!

In India the first official test tube baby was credited to T C Anand Kumar; a great soul indeed who after going through the notes and research concluded that he was not the first but the second! This was in 1986!

Remember that it takes much more confidence and guts to praise others!

The scientist in question was Subhash Mukhopadhyay!

Subhash Mukhopadhyay was an Indian scientist, physician from Hazaribagh, Bihar and Orissa Province who created the world’s second and India’s first child using in-vitro fertilisation.

Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay was harassed by the then West Bengal state government and not allowed to share his achievements with the international scientific community for unknown reasons.

So Kanupriya Agarwal (Durga), who was born in 1978 due to the work of Dr Subhash Mukhopadhyay is the actual first IVF baby of India! Interestingly, she was born just 67 days after the first IVF baby in the world!

If at all you are asked to name a great doctor or a great Indian, you can tell Subhash Mukhopadhyay!

And speaking of a strong person like Durga reminds me of KPAC Lalitha who left us last year…

Read about Subhash ji and get inspired

Shubh ratri…

What if you were one of the the most beautiful creation ever but you show your talent only to a few! What if you have the ability to make nice call but you choose to make sounds which are irritating!

Finally what if you have a super power to fly but you do not like to use it!

What if you were Pavo cristatus!?

Yeah! That is the national bird of India!

So apparently these beautiful birds can make around 11 different calls and most are irritating!

They make pleasant calls in the morning and loud disturbing calls in the night! And sometimes make false alarm calls too! Clearly not a night owl!


They are popular in places such as Rajasthan where you can get many songs made on them! One of the popular one is Morni Baga main bole!
Am sure you would have heard this song but the story behind it is also pretty interesting!

In this song, the banjaran is narrating the condition of her heart that aches for one who left long ago and never returned. If one goes to Rajasthan, one would find flocks of beautiful peacocks near and around more fertile areas. As the banjaran’s party camps out at one of these areas where water is nearby, she is reminded of this every time a peacock sings at night!

Such deep renditions can only be seen in folks songs since they have been matured by the ravages of time!

Now these wonderful birds are very heavy! But then again in spite of their heavy weight they can still fly! So much so that they are the largest birds with flight capability!

Then in a karmic balance, since they do not have webbed feet they cannot swim!
So if you do not know how to swim then you can tell then you are like the Peacock! Of course you have to then explain why you cannot fly!

Or play tennis for that matter! Like Ashok Amritraj!

For now just remember that you do not have to hurt a peacock to get it’s beautiful feathers! It will shed them so many times!

Shubh Ratri!

For an average child, the moon and the sun is the same! Just that one comes in the night and the other during the day!

In fact he or she may at first think that the moon is more powerful since it gives light in the night! While the sun gives light in the day when there already is so much light!

Also when you see; practically they look the same size! Though in fact the moon gets bigger and bigger and becomes the size of the sun!

That is the issue of perception!

Size only matters when it is close to you!

Which is why even though the sun is so big, it looks the same size as the moon! This is because, even though the Moon is 400 times smaller than the Sun, it is also also 400 times closer to Earth!

This is also why solar eclipses are so dramatic when you realise that the tiny moon completely covers the sun! This means that from Earth, the Moon and Sun appear to be roughly the same size in the sky. It is a complete coincidence!

For scientists, solar eclipses have played a crucial part in our understanding of the Universe. By shielding telescopes from the Sun’s glare, they have allowed us to explore and learn about the solar corona, a glowing ring of super-hot gas that extends millions of kilometres into outer space and causes solar winds!

Then again they also gave Validation to Einstein!


The most scientifically important solar eclipse occurred in 1919. Then, a team led by Arthur Eddington captured pictures of stars behind the Sun as darkness fell. They compared the stars’ positions to where they would be on a normal night, and made a startling discovery ­– they had moved!

This meant the Sun had bent the starlight. The only theory that could account for the amount the starlight bent came from Albert Einstein!
Eddington’s results catapulted Einstein into the limelight and started to turn scientific opinion in favour of his general theory of relativity!
Even now when it comes to Physics; Einstein is right up there with the stars or rather the moon!

The bad news is that the Moon is slowly drifting away from us! It is escaping at the rate of 2.5 cm every year! Some time in future you would look up in the sky and the moon would have escapes! It is thus a visitor who will stay for some billion years!

Of course some people will look at the moon and see only the spots! While many others see the beauty! Like the one with the scars but still beautiful like Merle Oberon…

Let’s look at the beauty and see beyond the scars…

Shubh ratri…

At first I was afraid, petrified! Then I will survive! Yes, the lyrics to one of the most popular ‘survival’ songs actually is a case study in Psycho-Cybernetics!

Before that you must know about Cybernetics!

Cybernetics which is a term loosely translated from the Greek indicates “a helmsman who steers his ship to port.” 

While Psycho-Cybernetics is a term coined by Dr. Maxwell Maltz, which means, “steering your mind to a productive, useful goal so you can reach the greatest port in the world, peace of mind.”!

In this very popular book, Maxwell who is a plastic surgeon by profession states how the strongest computer in the world that is our brain has the power within and we have to unleash it somehow! How you can bear pain without anesthesia if your mind is powerful enough! How what you feel is actually the power of your brain and nothing else! 

Although he was a plastic surgeon (I know many plastic surgeons who hate the term ‘Plastic!’; they feel it feels so artificial while in fact they like to make you feel as natural as possible!); Maxwell understood that before he could make any change to the face or any part of a patient’s body physically, he must make sure there is a mental change!

Even before the procedure there has to be a fine balance between expectations and results! If your expectation is high then no matter the outcome, you would always be disappointed! While if you have a guarded expectation, your results would be much better!

Maxwell also states how when you get exposed to any problem, then at first you get terrified or petrified! But then the constant stimulus of the same problem will make you adapt!

It it the same in animals! 

So apparently animals continuously exposed to a uniform damaging stimulus at first display the symptoms of the ‘alarm reaction’ and later pass into a resistant phase. The hypothetical measure of an individual’s capacity to resist stress according to Maxwell Maltz  is adaptation energy!

It is like a  Each person is believed to have a finite amount of adaptation energy, which is used to cope with different types of stress. Energy expended to cope with one type of stress, such as staying up late, results in less being available for other stresses, such as training. 

When adaptation energy is low, a person is more likely to suffer from stress-related diseases and conditions known as burnout and rundown! So anything which increases your adaptation energy will increase your healing power!  

Some may use medication while some others meditation! Many can listen to songs or watch a positive motivating movie! Some may read a book and or a good blog (not necessarily this one!)!

Or watch some nice feel good movie like the one directed by Sooraj Barjatya…

A quick sketch and blog on a day which went like a blur!

Shubh ratri!

Mirror mirror on the wall!

No human can ever resist the temptation of looking at the mirror! It is because they see a face he or she is so familiar with! It gives you a sense of calm and consistency! Or any other reason you can think of to stare at yourself!

But do you know about the Mirror test!?

What scientists call the mirror test is used to determine whether an animal has the ability of visual self-recognition, which is considered a marker of intelligence in animals.

The was developed by psychologist Gordon Gallup in 1970, and involves placing a visual marker — like a red spot — on an animal’s body. Scientists proceed to observe what happens when the animal is placed in front of the mirror, watching the animal’s reaction both to their reflection with and without the marker. If an animal passes the mirror test, they will usually adjust their body position in a way so they can get a better look at the marker on their body and pay more attention to that part of their body. This suggests that the animal knows something is different about their reflection.
Now every normal person when encountering a mirror would stop and at least take a glance at the mirror!

This means that the human or the animal for that matter recognises the fact that there is something different about the reflection or the fact that it is a ‘reflection’!

You would assume that all humans and most animals would pass this test! Well, humans do pass it after the age of 18 months or so and only a few animals pass it! At least in studies since we of course cannot ask them!

Like cats and dogs do not usually pass the test (at least not officially!)

Most primates like your distant cousins…I mean the homo sapien’s distant cousin like the Chimps and Baboons pass it in most studies!

The interesting thing is that even Dolphins pass the test since it is anyway a Mammal!

Then again there is another proper fish which in 2019, the cleaner wrasses — which are tiny tropical reef fish — were the first fish to pass the mirror test!

Moreover in 2008, Eurasian magpies were the first non-mammals to pass the mirror test!

Another interesting observation was when ants were found to pass the test!
It is not very surprising since ants are an incredibly social group of insects and have displayed impressive teamwork abilities, such as relocating their entire colony!

So a study found that three species, Myrmica rubra, Myrmica ruginodis, and Myrmica sabuleti have shown potential for self-recognition!
When exposed to a mirror, ants of all three species marked with a blue dot would attempt to clean themselves by touching the mark. Similar results were not exhibited when ants were marked with a brown dot, which is the same color as their body. It appears that the ants used their mirror reflection to see the unusual blue dot and attempt to clean it! Now maybe it was because the dots were blue and not red! In any case it does make them Mirror worthy!

Of course I have always mentioned how at the end of the day you are answerable to the man or woman in the mirror and be proud of him or her!

Of course if you are Shivaji Maharaj then even the mirror would be proud!

Har har Mahadev!

Shubh ratri
Jai hind!