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Do you know this, yes ‘this’ is the reason because of which people have got at least 4 Nobel prize!

It was also named because it is very ‘Elegant!’

Now Before you run your imaginations wild let you pop your enthusiasm bubble (I hate it when someone does that though!) and inform you that ‘it’ is a worm!

Now, this is no ordinary worm!

It is so popular among Nobel Laureates that they even shout out its name in their Nobel acceptance speech! That is an accolade few ‘humans’ get!

The worm is called Caenorhabditis elegans, a 1 millimetre nematode that’s been extensively studied as a model organism!

One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, molecular biologist Gary Ruvkun, lauded the species with its highest honour so far, recognizing it as “badass” (now it is not confirmed whether a ‘worm’ can have an ‘ass’ though!)

The one-millimeter nematode has helped scientists understand how healthy cells are instructed to kill themselves and how the process goes awry in AIDS, strokes and degenerative diseases. (That work was the subject of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine!)

Self-proclaimed “worm people” were recognized by the Nobel committee in 2006 for discovering gene silencing, which became the basis for an entirely new class of drugs. Two years later, the chemistry prize went to scientists who used nematodes to help invent cellular “lanterns” that allowed biologists to see the inner workings of a cell!


For each prize, a laureate made sure to thank the worm for its contributions, though perhaps the most famous nod came from Sydney Brenner, who won the first “worm Nobel.”

“Without doubt, the fourth winner of the Nobel Prize this year is Caenorhabditis elegans,” he said in his lecture in Stockholm!

Now since the worm is like a saint of sorts, it apparently ‘refused’ any monetary gain was the ‘official’ statement!

Dr. Brenner, often thought of as the father of C. elegans research, is the closest thing there is to a worm celebrity. He is credited with popularizing C. elegans in laboratories worldwide, after spending almost a decade hunting for the perfect research model!

C. elegans is named after the Latin word for “elegant” because of the way it moves in graceful, sinusoidal waves. One of the animal’s virtues is its simplicity, which allows scientists to test hypotheses about fundamental biological concepts in a model that is easy to understand.

The nematodes have just 959 cells — a remarkably manageable number, compared with our trillions of cells — each of which scientists have named and charted from fertilization to death.

The destiny of each cell is easy to map, since the worms become translucent under the light of a microscope and cycle through all developmental stages in about three days.

The nematode was the first animal to have its genome entirely deciphered — in 1998, years before scientists were able to do the same for flies and mice. The worm is also inexpensive, easy to store and entirely self-sufficient when it comes to reproduction; female C. elegans have functional sperm that allow them to inseminate themselves!

Now that is a scary level of women’s rights or not depending on which side you are!
So the next time you have the enthusiasm of getting Noble and getting a Nobel; think ‘elegantly’!

Then again one elegant actress with great  mother roles is Saranya Ponvannan!

Now worm yourself to sleep!

Shubh ratri!

Jared Diamond in his book “The Third Chimpanzee” tells us about the this species which is very close to the chimpanzee!

The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to this species!
Like most viruses that cause diseases like AIDS and hepatitis can infect chimpanzees too. But chimps don’t get infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which a mosquito can transmit through its bite into this species blood. A small DNA difference makes this species red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant!

So which is that species which is so similar to chimpanzee but worse than them since unless there is a risk of life or death, even a typical chimp would not kill another unarmed chimp!

Yes! Jared Diamond’s third Chimp is the Human!

Jared mentions how similar taxonomically chimps and humans are, as their genes differ by just 1.6%! In fact the chimps and gorillas differ by 2.3%!

Thus the chimp’s closest relatives are not the other apes with which it is classed, but the human.

In fact, the chimpanzee-human difference is smaller than some within-species distances! Going by genetic differences, humans should be treated as a third species of chimpanzee Or possibly the chimpanzee’s scientific name should be Homo troglodytes instead of Pan troglodytes.

But you may wonder If human and chimp DNA is 98.8 percent the same, why are we so different?

It is because of the play of numbers you see! Each human cell contains roughly three billion base pairs, or bits of information.

So a difference of just 1.2 percent of that equals about 35 million differences! Then again that is the Gene level! A difference of 1.2 percent makes the human, well human! Of course it may take a Noble prize worthy investigation to find out how to make him or her more HUMANE!

So don’t be very upset if someone calls you a monkey or a chimp! It’s just our distant cousin! Of course with the way the ‘Third Chimp’ is behaving, the chimp may take offense if it is compared to a human!

Of course there are some humans who are so artistic and talented that you know they are special! Do read about the artist Teejan bai…

A quick sketch with a dab of colour for a change…

Shubh ratri…

The scene of a vulture in front of a dying person waiting for him to die is so heartbreaking but even the Vulture waits for the person to die since it cannot eat anything else and it does not have any choice.

One of the most dirtiest jobs but the most important are done by scavengers.

Scavengers play an important role the food web. They keep an ecosystem free of the bodies of dead animals, or carrion. Scavengers break down this organic material and recycle it into the ecosystem as nutrients.

Vultures only eat the bodies of dead animals.

Vultures have many biological adaptations that make them well-suited to being scavengers. Most have excellent eyesight and a strong sense of smell. They use these keen senses to locate rotting carrion while they are soaring high over land. Unlike raptors, or birds that hunt, vultures have weak talons and beaks. Raptors use sharp talons and beaks to kill, while vultures do not need to overpower or secure their prey. Many vultures are also bald, meaning they have no feathers on their head. This prevents bits of carrion, which can carry toxic bacteria, from sticking to feathers and infecting the bird.

Some mammals are scavengers. Hyenas are often thought of as scavengers, but are also traditional carnivores. A lone hyena feeds mostly on dead animals. In fact it also can eat alive ones with one of the strongest bites; also known as the laughing hyena, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) has the strongest-recorded bite of all carnivorous mammals—4,500 Newtons or 1,011 pounds of force!

They can even eat decaying putrid flesh without any issues. This is because they have strong stomach acids that break down virtually any pathogen, and their immune systems are resistant to the toxins produced by bacteria!

Then again these so called ‘animals’ do not have the superior ‘brain’ of the ‘human’. Which is ironic since they eat only the dead and eat only to live! They do not kill for pleasure or with an agenda.

When you can mercilessly kill an innocent unarmed person with an agenda then frankly think who is the real ANIMAL?

In fact those ‘humans’ are worse than the putrid skin eating bacteria since at least they have some ‘real CULTURE!’

Feeling extremely sad to be part of this supposedly intelligent creature which kills it’s one without any rhyme or reason…

At least there are some great human beings though who were both human and humane.
Like Our Dr Rajkumar…

Prayers for my brethren at Pahalgam…

He took on the whole British Empire and literally told them to get out of our country!

Though crowned a Knight, he preferred to be an Bharatiya!

That is the amazing story of Sir Sankaran Nair.

An amazing lawyer and well read too who started small and down south in Madras way back in 1880. Till 1908, he was the Advocate-General to the Government and an Acting Judge from time to time. In 1908, he became a permanent Judge in the High Court of Madras and held the post till 1915.

In his best-known judgment, he upheld conversion to Hinduism and ruled that such converts were not outcasts. He founded and edited the Madras Review and the Madras Law Journal!

In the meantime, in 1902, the Viceroy Lord Curzon appointed him Secretary to the Raleigh University Commission. In recognition of his services, he was appointed a Companion of the Indian Empire by the King-Emperor in 1904 and in 1912 he was knighted!

All was going well till one inhuman act by the British changed it all forever!

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre is one of the biggest crimes committed by the British Empire when this Major and General shot at a meeting of unarmed people including women and children.



Sankaran resigned from the Viceroy’s Council in the aftermath of Jallianwalla Bagh massacre on 13 April 1919.

Sankaran believed in India’s right to self-government. In 1919, he played an important role in the expansion of provisions in the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms which introduced a system of dyarchy in the provinces and increased participation of Indians in the administration. Following the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh, he resigned from the Viceroy’s Council in protest.

In 1922, Sankaran published Gandhi and Anarchy, a book in which he spelt out his critique of Gandhi’s methods of non-violence, civil disobedience, and non-cooperation.

He also accused Michael O’Dwyer, who was Lieutenant Governor of Punjab at the time of the massacre, of following policies that led to the deaths.

O’Dwyer sued Sankaran for defamation in England, expecting the English court to side with him. The trial before the King’s Bench in London went on for five and a half weeks. It was the longest-running civil case at the time.

The 12-member all-English jury was presided over by Justice Henry McCardie, who made no attempt to hide his bias toward O’Dwyer. The jury sided with O’Dwyer by a majority of 11 against 1, the lone dissent coming from the Marxist political theorist Harold Laski.

Sankaran was ordered to pay £500 and the expenses of the trial to the plaintiff. O’Dwyer said he would forgo the penalty if Nair apologised. Sankaran the nationalist who was not scared refused it on his face which was like a slap to the real criminal!

The trial had a resounding impact on the British empire in India. At a time when the nationalist movement was gaining momentum, Indians saw in the judgement the clear bias of the British against them and an effort to shield their own!

The trial and the massacre made the country united and made them realise that our country is only for Indians! The British Empire would always put themselves first!

The freedom we achieved is thus a collective of all these great nationalists, many who were not even mentioned in our textbooks! 

Then again everyone knows the first man to climb Mt Everest! The other one was also very much the first! Tenzing Norgay!

Praying for the poor souls martyred in Pahalgam…

Heartfelt condolences…

This was a remixed version which became popular and is still in use!

But it was not the original!

Edison and the light bulb!

The electric light, one of the everyday conveniences that most affects our lives, was not “invented” in the traditional sense in 1879 by Thomas Alva Edison, although he could be said to have created the first commercially practical incandescent light!

To credit one person as the sole ‘inventor’ of the light bulb would be a disservice to close to over 20 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Edison’s version.

Then again, there is a difference between the first and the best!

Three things made Edison’s bulb the best at the time; an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.

But if you talk about earliest light bulb then that was close to 80 years before Edison which was in 1802 by Humphry Davy. Davy experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires to his battery and a piece of carbon, the carbon glowed, producing light. His invention was known as the Electric Arc lamp. Unluckily it was short and well, not that sweet!

Over the next seven decades, other inventors also created “light bulbs” but no designs emerged for commercial application.

Some notables were like the British scientist Warren de la Rue who in 1840  enclosed a coiled platinum filament in a vacuum tube and passed an electric current through it. The design was based on the concept that the high melting point of platinum would allow it to operate at high temperatures and that the evacuated chamber would contain fewer gas molecules to react with the platinum, improving its longevity! It did work but this was really costly! Platinum does not grow on trees you see!

Then ten years later an English physicist named Joseph Wilson Swan created a “light bulb” by enclosing carbonized paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb. The development of better vacuum pumps made his invention better and more effective so much so that In 1878, Swan developed a longer lasting light bulb using a treated cotton thread that also removed the problem of early bulb blackening.

On July 24, 1874 a Canadian patent was filed by a Toronto medical electrician named Henry Woodward and a colleague Mathew Evans. They built their lamps with different sizes and shapes of carbon rods held between electrodes in glass cylinders filled with nitrogen. This was really good!
Which is why Edison who was more a successful businessman bought their patent!

Then in 1878, Thomas Edison filed his first patent application for “Improvement In Electric Lights” and by Nov 4, 1879, he filed another U.S. patent for an electric lamp using “a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected … to platina contact wires.”

Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using “cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways,” it was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last over 1200 hours!

This discovery marked the beginning of commercially manufactured light bulbs and in 1880, Thomas Edison’s company, Edison Electric Light Company began marketing its new product; the light bulb!

Then again when you see the result, no one cares about the journey which is actually really important! Of course for people like B R Chopra with the magnum opus Mahabharata; his journey and the final result will be remembered for a long time!

SHubh ratri…

There are teachers and there are teachers!
Now anyone who teaches you something is a teacher right!? That is an oversimplification!

When you see the classification of teaching styles or teacher world over, you may have three or four! Did you know we have six!

That was a teachable moment!

For ages we have been accustomed to the didactic method of teaching. In most schools at the primary and secondary levels this is the way you have been taught while later on you get on to the socratic method!

So then what are Didactic and Socratic?

Well, the socratic is eliciting information from students through a direct line of reasoning. The tutor endeavors as much as possible to avoid giving information away. The Socratic Method involves a shared dialogue between teacher and students. The teacher leads by posing thought-provoking questions. Students actively engage by asking questions of their own. The discussion goes back and forth and then knowledge is gained or shared!

The didactic tutoring style has the tutor beginning with an explanation of the material the student should learn followed by questioning that plays more of a role of drawing the student’s attention to the information that the tutor has already explained rather than eliciting this information from the student.
Basically in Didactic teaching, teachers create structured lessons that focus on lectures. Teachers can use different teaching methods depending on the needs of their students, their personal preferences and other factors. Didactic teaching is often well-suited for teaching basic subjects and instructing students who thrive with structured directions.

The didactic method works at the lower level when the teacher in effect knows everything! When a teacher knows everything then it means that he or she can only be as good as the teacher while in Socratic method the teacher may try to make the student even better than the teacher!

Now of course in school you have a combination of these two techniques and a new one is called the heuristic method.

A heuristic method of teaching is an instructional approach that emphasizes the use of problem-solving and discovery-based learning as well as experience-based learning  to facilitate student learning. Heuristic basically means any method or process that helps in problem-solving, self learning, and discovery. Heuristic teaching approach means the teacher acts as more than an instructor  and encourages students to explore concepts, ideas, and problems. Teacher poses open-ended questions, encourages student participation, and guides students towards the results.

Now coming to our old age classification of teachers seen in the Gurukools!

The classification here is based on the effect the teacher has on you!

If your teacher gives you direct and new knowledge but no explanation then he or she is an Adhyapak!

If the teacher gives you both knowledge and information which means that he or she explains them some more then he or she is an Upadhyaya!

Then there are teachers who after giving you knowledge and information, give you or teach you new skills then he or she is an Acharya!

Then you have those who are very knowledgeable in a subject and they can give you deep insight into that subject; he or she is then a Pandit!

Then again you meet teachers who make your own thoughts come out and give you a goal or a vision! Make you follow your vision and shows what you can do in a visionary manner! Those gems are called a Dhrista!

Finally the teacher who awakens your wisdom and leads you from darkness to light like Krishna did to Arjuna. The one who makes you realise that you have knowledge and you can now understand that even though you are knowledgeable, you are simply a speck in the big Universe!  The one who makes you bright, knowledgeable but humble in spite of the knowledge is called the GURU!

So you do see that the teacher is defined not only by his or her teaching, but also by what he or she can make you achieve! Now if you are in a cop show then you cannot get a better senior and GURU like Shivaji Satam!

Now remember  your Gurus and Acharyas and sleep!

SHubh ratri…

Many times when you would be scrolling your social media feed, you would come across an image!

On that it would be written, if you see a horse you are something and if you see a giraffe you are something else! Of course many times I would see a monkey and wonder what that means!

Jokes apart! Yes that was a joke! I do not see monkey all the time! Sometimes I see frogs too!

If these results are pushed into the feed of a psychologist or a psychiatrist he or she would gently touch his or her chin and say, Huh! Then of course the psychoanalysis would start!

After so many years of clinical practice I have often realised that most patients need someone to talk to and more importantly someone to listen! Most importantly they actually need a consultation of the mind kind.
Social media tries to show how people have perfect lives when in fact if it was true then they actually would not have time for social media since their social life would be so busy!

Now coming back to the images; many times you would see at least in movies and TV on how people with some mental issues are presented with cards and the psychologist would then go on to assess him or her!

That test is called the inkblot test! Now it is so famous but when it was created, the creator had so much difficulty in publishing them that he would have had to go in for a consult!

So in 1921, after studying 300 mental patients and 100 control subjects, in Hermann Rorschach wrote his book Psychodiagnostik, which was to form the basis of the inkblot test.

After experimenting with several hundred inkblots which he drew himself, he selected a set of ten for their diagnostic value.

Although he had served as Vice President of the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society, Rorschach had difficulty in publishing the book and it attracted little attention when it first appeared.

It has been suggested that Rorschach’s use of inkblots may have been influenced by German doctor Justinus Kerner who, in 1857, had published a popular book of poems, each of which was inspired by an accidental inkblot.

The usual Rorschach test employs a series of ten bilaterally symmetrical inkblot cards, of which some are black or gray, and others could contain applications of color.

The test taker is asked to provide their perceptions or perspectives on the presented ambiguous inkblot images.

This test was designed to look for patterns of thought disorder in schizophrenia and has evolved to include other areas, like personality, emotional disorders, and intelligence.

The Rorschach has been standardized using the Exner system and is effective in measuring depression, psychosis, and anxiety!

Apparently it has been found that historically the Interpretation of inkblots was central to a game called  Gobolinks! Using interpretation of “ambiguous designs” to assess an individual’s personality is an idea that goes back to Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli!

Apparently Rorschach never intended the inkblots to be used as a general personality test, but developed them as a tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It was not until 1939 that the test was used as a projective test of personality!

It’s basically, you are given an image and asked; what do you see!?
Your answer give some insights into your personality and thought process!

So be very careful on what you say though the idea is to actually say the first thing that pops in your mind!

Same thing with the sketch! It’s sketchy since am under the weather but it’s Mukesh Rishi!

Shubh ratri…

Do you know what is a Building failure?

Just when you though failure cannot get a non living thing!

Everyone knows about the concrete Jungle and though it is a sad thing to realise that we are replacing the nature with concrete buildings, have you ever wondered how the buildings stay!?

Although the rates may vary, we add somewhere around seventy thousand new commercial buildings and one million new homes each year!

The amount of constructions which happen in every place would simply blow your mind!

Now you may feel sad that there are so many buildings and not nature, you must also be glad that when in trouble you have them!

Recently there was a sandstorm in our area and most of us were happy and protected by this concrete tree! Be in hot or cold, they keep you safe!
Even in Minor quakes, they are the ones who keep you safe!

At the end of the day, the basic dream of any average person is to at least have one place he or she can call home!

Then again you have such massive buildings like the Burj or even Mukesh Ambani’s Antlia (which was apparently costlier to build than the Burj!) and have you ever wondered the amount of planning and thinking which would have gone into making these huge structures!?

What if a part of the building has an issue which is crucial to the structure? Any error can actually lead to calamity!

That is called the building failure!
“building failure” —defined as a partial or full collapse of a functioning structure-is exceedingly rare, especially for skyscrapers. According to a 2003 Ohio State University study, the United States experiences an average of just twenty serious “building failures” per year. That’s an annual avoidable failure rate of less than 0.00002 percent!

With the advent of AI and computers, the rate would now be much lower!

Of course most of the time the rate is kept low due to computers and proper planning; but as Atul explains in his Book The Checklist Manifesto; the core of everything is the Checklist!

As Atul explained that although buildings are now more complex and sophisticated than ever in history, with higher standards expected for everything from earthquake proofing to energy efficiency, they take a third less time to build than before and they are more safe! All because of the checklists made and followed at every stage! With every checklist in place, the whole complex building steadily comes in place and fits together like a jigsaw puzzle!

Speaking of Antilia; here’s Mukesh!

Now don’t worry! Building failure is very rare so relax and sleep!

Shubh ratri!

One of my first blog I had written several years back! Now updated!

The search goes on…

Everyone’s searching for something or someone. The whole purpose of every living being is search. For animals it can be the search for food and water while for humans it is for that and everything else. Everyone gets up in the morning only Because of the need for search.
It can be new ways to make money or a new project or even a new job!
If nothing else it’s just a search for a new meaning to life while for some it may be even a wife!

The politicians are also always searching. When in power they search for solutions to problems while in opposition they search for problems to solutions!

Doctors and health professionals are always searching for ways to make the patient’s life easier while patient’s nowadays use GOOGLE to search and make life as difficult as possible for the doctor!! Add to it you have the AI now and you know the only intelligence with that Patient is artificial!

Many astronomers are searching for a human life in any other planet while many of us are constantly searching for a humane life in earth!

Children usually search for new things to get in trouble while parents are searching things to keep them away from trouble!!

They of course join forces together everyday to search for that elusive TV REMOTE which I feel is the biggest mystery. Even more than the Bermuda Triangle! The places remote goes and is found is probably why it is called Remote!!

Every other day there are those researchers who are trying to find a cure for your maladies from a common cold to cancer while there are those who deliberatily smoke and VAPE and it is like they are inviting trouble of the C kind!

My biggest search every morning is for that rare entity which is the pair of the sock in my hand!!

I will always get one but finding the pair is an arduous task indeed!
Every night I would remember tucking the sock with it’s pair and in the morning it would adulterously pair with another sock of a different colour, length and type in a cozy embrace!

Separating them I would then call out to my wife to see if she has seen my brown sock (emphasis on the colour racism is in our genes!!)
She would then ask me to see THERE!!

Now THERE is a place often mentioned by the mother or the wife!
It’s very clear when they utter it but when we hear it then it becomes an enigma!! Only bravehearts and possibly a guy in a hurry would ever dare to ask where’s THERE??! Which I did since I was the latter!

She mentioned something about the sock drawer! I did not want to admit that I did not know that a place called sock drawer exists! So I said it’s not there!!

The next step of the search begins here.
You place the sock in your hand (none in the sock drawer!!) On the table from where you know for sure that the sock would not dare escape!
You see socks have an inherent pride!

So I go inside and search in my cup board when after five minutes my wife would call out those magical words (no it’s not I love you!!)
It is I FOUND IT!! I run with happiness only to realize that she found the sock which I had kept on the table so safely!

My sadness then equates to the person who has just been told that you have come first only to be told later that it was a mistake!! I would then reluctantly start the search again giving my wife a look of an injured lion who just lost his kill!!

Then in the wee corners of the drawer I would find that sock just trying to escape! My search of the day has ended!
Many times people have asked me how I can come to work everyday smiling!(they of course are polite enough to not to say that I was mad or crazy!!)

Mostly I wouldn’t say anything but think of the search that ended in a victory today!! I found the pair!!

Of course that’s only till another search begins!! For you and me!

One search did result in a good end! Got a great movie to watch! Chava! Vicky gets into the heart and soul and takes you there!

Do check it out!

Shubh ratri!

Did you have a severe case of acidity or the bloating the last time you had that tasty but spicy and maybe tangy snack!

Well, you can do many things but I am sorry to say that you may not be able to go to space! So if you have booked that ticket to Mars via SpaceX, you may want start the refund process before your next snack!

Apparently there are many who want to go and live on Mars!

NASA wants to send humans to the red planet by 2030, and SpaceX wants to get there even sooner, with plans to have people there by 2024!
When I wrote this line in 2021! I had hope!

Now it is 2025 and since as far as I know, no one has reached or started living in Mars; I am sorry to say as the flight announcer in the airport; due to unavoidable circumstances, you flight to Mars is delayed!

Mars is a favorite theme in Hollywood, with movies like The Martian and this year’s Life exploring what we might find once we finally reach our celestial neighbor, but most of them aren’t addressing the biggest questions — once we get there, how will we survive long-term?

In fact most of the Aliens when our thought process was limited to our solar system were called or Known as Martians!

Now you must also understand that the atmosphere of Mars is mostly carbon dioxide, the surface of the planet is too cold to sustain human life, and the planet’s gravity is a mere 38% of Earth’s!

Plus, the atmosphere on Mars is equivalent to about 1% of the Earth’s atmosphere at sea level! Of course these are the challenges on living on Mars! But the issue is the travel! Even if you get business class seats, it is no fun ride in space!

There are numerous challenges to eating in space and low gravity conditions! The biggest challenge is not only to eat but also the the primary issue of getting the food from the package into astronaut’s mouth!

Over long periods in space, muscle mass and bone density can decrease by up to twenty per cent. This loss may not hinder astronauts while they are in orbit, but their weakened bones can prove fragile when they return to Earth, increasing the risk of fractures. Exercise and foods rich in calcium like yoghurt are therefore essential. Of course if your plan is for Mars, then it may be safe and cheaper to book the one way ticket!

As fluids act differently in space, an astronaut’s sense of taste is changed. On Earth, body fluids generally settle towards our feet. In reduced gravity, these fluids move freely in our bodies, creating a similar feeling to a head cold or blocked sinuses and leaving many foods tasting bland! You of course have to recycle your Urine since water is limited and the usual stretching space would make a monkey in a cage on a zoo feel like a king!

Most importantly, it is a long way to Mars, so apart from the regular words which are banned in flights like Bomb or terrorist or Hijack; an added banned sentence is, “Are we there yet?!”

Then again it may be actually better to make pollute the Earth less so that people do not feel like migrating to Mars! Start with no smoking!

Speaking of which you must drop that ticket to Mars and read about Richard Doll!

It may be day in Mars but it is night here on Earth! So sleep!

Shubh ratri!